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A sperm donor is a man who provides semen (sperm) for the purpose of helping individuals or couples conceive a child through assisted reproductive techniques (ART) such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF). Heterosexual couples with male infertility or genetic disorders Single women who wish to have a child Same-sex female couples pursuing parenthood.
Identity of the donor is not disclosed.
Often through a sperm bank.
The donor is known to the recipient (e.g., friend or relative). Requires legal and medical counseling.
Detailed personal and family medical history Testing for inherited diseases (e.g., cystic fibrosis, thalassemia)
Sperm count, motility, morphology, and viability
Donated sperm is frozen and quarantined for 6 months.
The donor is re-tested for infectious diseases before the sperm is released for use.
Legal and Ethical Considerations Donors typically sign contracts relinquishing parental rights.
Donor anonymity Rights of donor-conceived children Limits on the number of offspring per donor Sperm Banking and Use Donated sperm is cryopreserved (frozen) and stored in sperm banks.