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Embryo freezing, or embryo cryopreservation, is a fertility technique that involves preserving embryos by cooling them to very low temperatures to halt all biological activity. This allows embryos created during an IVF cycle to be stored safely for future use.
To allow time for genetic testing of embryos before transfer
For fertility preservation before medical treatments like chemotherapy
To delay pregnancy for personal or medical reasons
Embryo Creation: Eggs are fertilized with sperm in the lab to create embryos.
Embryo Assessment: Embryos are monitored for quality and development, typically to the blastocyst stage (day 5–6).
Cryoprotectant Application: Embryos are treated with special freezing solutions that protect cells during freezing.
Freezing: Embryos are rapidly cooled using a method called vitrification, which prevents ice crystal formation that can damage cells.
Storage: Frozen embryos are stored in liquid nitrogen tanks at approximately –196°C until they are needed.
When the patient is ready for transfer, embryos are carefully thawed.
Viable embryos are transferred to the uterus in a simple procedure.
Pregnancy rates with frozen embryos are similar to fresh transfers due to advances in freezing technology.
Flexibility in timing embryo transfer
Ability to store surplus embryos for future pregnancies
Reduces need for repeated ovarian stimulation cycles
Useful for fertility preservation before medical treatments